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Information about subject (by Department of radiodiagnostics) is in application Vyuka (http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz).
Last update: Kubánek Ondřej (30.09.2013)
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The aim of the subject NURG (nephrology, urology, rheumatology and geriatrics) is to teach students the approach to patients suffering from these illnesses and conditions, to take properly the patient´s history, to master relevant physical examination, to devise a plan of auxilliary diagnostic procedures and to evaluate corrrectly the acquired information by fomulating a working diagnosis. Finally, according to the circumstances, to recommend changes in the lifestyle, appropriate diet and both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy. The subject NURG lasts for four weeks. In the first two weeks, nephrology is taught followed by one week each of urology, rheumatology and geriatrics. The study is integrated, i.e. it starts with relevant pathophysiology and pathology followed by clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment and prevention. Social aspects are dealt with esp. in geriatrics. Last update: Krátká Karolína, MUDr., Ph.D. (19.09.2024)
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The subject NURG is obligatory. In order to improve the quality of practical teaching, students will be divided into individual groups according to the instructions they will receive by email.
Conditions to get the credit: 1) 80% attendance at the controlled parts of the course from each part of the course (internships 80%, seminars 80%). 2) Successful completion of a credit test. Topics to be tested: in agreement with topics of seminars and lectures in following parts of the subject NURG: Syllabus of rheumatology, Syllabus of urology, Syllabus of geriatrics, Syllabus of nephrology - only pre-clinical subjects (pathology, pathophysiology, pharmacology). Test will be managed as a multiple choice test, 90 questions/90 minutes, 4 answers, 0-4 correct. Minimal required success: >75% in total and >70% in each subtopics.
Preterm WS + SS The number of test pre-dates is unlimited The number of pre-dates for the oral examination is 20 places in both semesters
The assessment period for resits are 3, ie. the student can take the exam up to 4 times and if he or she fails, no credits will be given. The student must take advantage of the assessment period, otherwise he or she loses this option and thus may not receive credits even though he did not take the exam 4 times.
Last update: Krátká Karolína, MUDr., Ph.D. (19.09.2024)
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Daugirdas T. J., Blake G.P., Ing S.T. - Handbook of dialysis, Wolters Kluwer, 2015 Smith and Tanagho's General Urology, Eighteenth Edition, Lange, 2012 Johnson J. R., Feehally J., Floege J. - Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, ISBN: 978-1-4557-5838-8
Last update: Jajová Bekime, DiS. (11.12.2019)
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The subject NURG is taught by means of seminars, practicals and lectures. Teaching is integrated, i.e. it comprises pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, pathological findings, physical examination, auxilliary diagnostic methods and both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment. Last update: Rychlík Ivan, prof. MUDr., CSc. (20.11.2019)
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Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and pathology of the kidney, the urinary tract and locomotion apparatus including connective tissue. Basic diseases in nephrology, urology and rheumatology, their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics and management. The approach to the elderly patients, specifics of diseases in the elderly, changes in clinical presentation, changes of drug pharmacokinetics in the old age, ethical and social aspects of caring for the elderly. A precondition for the student to be allowed to sit for the examination is successful passing the exam General Foundations of Pathology and Pathophysiology in the third year. NOTICE! Since the academic year 2016/17, the subject ends by an oral examination of nephrology. Topics to be tested: in agreement with topics of seminars and lectures of nephrology (see: Syllabus of nephrology) Terms of the oral exams: 1/ during regular examination period 2/ for those who are interested - preterms (limited number of participants): during the week following the end of subject NURG
Exam questions: 1st set of questions (clinical nephrology):
2nd set of questions (RRT):
Choice of questions: Each student will randomly choose a question number. He will get one question from the 1st set and one question from the 2nd set. Last update: Jajová Bekime, DiS. (01.10.2024)
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I/ Syllabus nephrology 1) Introductory seminar 2) Laboratory and other tests in nephrology 3) Acute kidney injury 4) Chronic kidney disease 5) Differential diagnostic seminar 1 – discussion of case studies 6) Kidney and the vascular diseases 7) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 8) Chronic glomerular diseases I. 9) Chronic glomerular diseases II. 10) Infections and the kidneys 11) Clinical-pathological seminar 12) Tubulointerstitial kidney diseases 13) Renal replacement therapy 14) Other treatment options in nephrology 15) Differential diagnostic seminar 3, final – discussion of case studies
II/ Syllabus urology
III/Syllabus of rheumatology
IV/ Syllabus geriatrics
Last update: Jajová Bekime, DiS. (23.09.2024)
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Recommendations for the evaluation of biochemichal parameters in nephrology (Dr. Granátová):
Remember: - to know thyroid function (TSH) - if uncompensated hyperfunction - falsely worse eGFR (and falsely better if uncompensated hypofunction) - in corticoid therapy falsely worse eGFR based on cystatin C (dependence on the corticoid dose) - eGFR based on s-creatinine is more appropriate
s-creatinine (+ estimated GFR based on Schwartz formula, MDRD/CKD-EPI not recommended), estimation for a daily praxis: maximal s-creatinine = body height (cm) x 0,54 the upper normal value of s-creatinine that fits to still undecreased GFR 1,5 ml/s)
s-creatinine (+ eGFR (MDRD, event. CKD-EPI, s-urea, albumin in urine,ACR (especially in diabetic patiens, hypertension)
(event. s-cystatin C, see above) If the rising trend continues, then admission to hospital Remember: - Biological + analytical variability in creatinine concentration day to day about 15% - Changes in s-creatinine are delayed in 24 - 48 hours after the cause (hypoxia, hypoperfusion, toxins etc.)
glomerular nonselective: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), postinfectional glomerulonefritis (GN), other GN
glomerular nonselective: idiopatic membranous glomerulopathy (IMG), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nefropathy, monoclonal protein("paraprotein") - to perform serum electrophoresis (event.+ immunofixative electrophoresis if paraprotein is present, serum free light chains (FLC); if systemic amyloidosis (AL) is suspected, these tests are necesasary in serum + in urine glomerulo-tubular nonselective: advanced diseaseLast update: Rychlík Ivan, prof. MUDr., CSc. (20.11.2019)
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Student entering the subject NURG must have working knowledge not only of anatomy and physiology of the kidney, the whole urogenital system and the mobility apparatus but also of general pathology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and intermediary metabolism. Further, he must understand principles of physician´s attitude to the patient including principles of medical ethics and be able to take patients´history and to perform physical examination. Condition for the attendence of the subject is a completed exam from general foundations of pathology and pathophysiology. Another condition is to have passed the Internal Propaedeutics Exam (UKM III) before enrolling in the course.
Last update: Jajová Bekime, DiS. (01.10.2024)
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