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Structure and function of the human body - C2VL004
Title: Struktura a funkce lidského těla
Guaranteed by: Department of Anatomy 3FM CU (12-ANAT)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2021
Semester: winter
Points: 43
E-Credits: 43
Examination process: winter s.:
summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:100/156, C [HS]
summer s.:122/170, C+Ex [HS]
Capacity: winter:unknown / unknown (unknown)
summer:unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. MUDr. Miloslav Franěk, Ph.D.
prof. MUDr. Petr Zach, CSc.
Interchangeability : CVSE2P0041
Is pre-requisite for: CPVL141, C3VL002, CVOL0245, CPVL140, CVOL0299, CVOL0244, CPVL072
Is interchangeable with: CVSE2P0041
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
In this subject students will learn about the physiological Structure and Function of the Human Body through 8 courses - 4 in winter, and 4 in summer semester: C1, Locomotion; C2, GastroIntestinal System; C3, Respiration & Blood; C4, Urogenital System; C5, Heart and Circulation; C6, Nervous System; C7, Senses; C8, Endocrine System. Teaching in this subject will be carried out by the following departments: Structure: Department of Anatomy; Department of Histology and Embryology. Function: Department of Physiology; Department of Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology.
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Aim of the course -
The aim of the course is to provide students with the foundations of the physiological structure and function of the human body. For more information on the syllabus, please refer to Vyuka and the learning outcomes of each class.
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Course completion requirements -
Successful completion of the Final Module Exam (oral).
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Literature -

Structure - Anatomy:

  • Gray's Anatomy for Students, 5th Edition, ISBN 9780323934237
  • GOSLING J. Human Anatomy - 6th Edition. Color Atlas and Textbook. Elsevier. 2017
  • Wanderah TW., Gould DJ. Nolte's The Human Brain. An Introduction to its Functional Anatomy. Edition 7. Elsevier, 2015
  • Crossman AR., Neary D. Neuroanatomy. An illustrated color text. Sixth Edition. Elsevier, 2020
  • Abrahams PH, Spratt JD, Loukas M, van Schoor AN. Abrahams´and McMinn´s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy. Eight Edition. Elsevier, 2020
  • Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy with Latin Terminology. Seventh Edition. Elsevier, 2019.
  • Sobotta. Anatomy textbook. English Edition with Latin Nomenclature. First Edition. Elsevier, 2019
  • Frank H. Netter, MD : Atlas of Human Anatomy: Latin Terminology, Edition 7, English and Latin
  • Friedrich Paulsen, Tobias M. Böckers, Jens Waschke: Sobotta Anatomy Textbook, Edition 1 English Edition with Latin Nomenclature
  • Peter H. Abrahams, Jonathan D. Spratt, Marios Loukas, Albert-Neels van Schoor: McMinn and Abrahams' Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, Edition 8

Structure - Histology & Embryology:

  • Histology 
    • MESCHER A. L.: Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, 17th Edition. McGraw Hill, 2021
    • BALKO J., TONAR Z., VARGA I.: Memorix Histology, 1st Edition. Triton, 2018
  • Embryology
    • SADLER T. W.: Langman’s Medical Embryology, 15th Edition. Wolters Kluwer, 2023
    • MOORE K. L.: Developing Human - Clinically Oriented Embryology, 11th Edition. Elsevier, 2020

Function - Physiology:

  • Barrett KE. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology
  • Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology
  • Hall JE. Guyton & Hall Physiology Review
  • Berne RM, Levy MN. Physiology
  • Costanzo LS. Physiology
  • Despopoulos A, Silbernagl S. Color Atlas of Physiology

Function - Biochemistry:

  • Pamela C. Champe, Richard A. Harvey: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews - Biochemistry
  • Jan Koolman, Klaus-Heinrich Röhm: Color Atlas of Biochemistry
  • Robert K. Murray: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 ed. or higher
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Teaching methods -
Forms of teaching in this module include lectures, seminars, practices, conferences, and e-learning tasks to be completed in Moodle.
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Requirements to the exam -

The final exam for Structure and Function of the Human Body will take place during the summer examination period (June-September) in the form of an oral exam covering all four fields: anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, and biochemistry.


To be eligible to register for the final exam, students must first obtain credits for both the Winter and Summer semesters. These credits are earned by successfully passing all the required tests and meeting all criteria listed below. Specifically, passing any oral exam requires a minimum grade of 3 (or C). For course tests or each of their parts, students must achieve at least 1 point, and a minimum of 13 points across the 3 course tests before the end of the respective semester. For all other tests, the passing criteria are set by the respective departments and must be met as specified.

Requirements for Credits - Winter Semester:

Course 1, Locomotion - 7 weeks:

  1. Bones of the Upper Limb - oral test
  2. Bones of the Lower Limb - oral test
  3. Joints of the Limbs - written test
  4. Axial Skeleton & Muscles of the Body - written test
  5. Skull Bones & Topography - oral test
  6. Winter Necropsy - written test + oral practical test

Course 2, Gastrointestinal System – 3 weeks:

  1. Written Course Test 2 - anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, biochemistry.

Course 3, Respiration & Blood – 2 weeks:

  1. Written Course Test 3 - anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, biochemistry.

Course 4, Urogenital System – 3 weeks:

  1. Course Test 4, Written Part - anatomy, histology, and embryology
  2. Course Test 4, Oral Part* – physiology, and biochemistry

Winter Examination Period:

  1. Winter Histology Credit Test
  2. Winter Oral Examination of Biochemistry (Course 1, 2 and 3)
  3. Winter Combined Test (if applicable - see "Written and Oral Tests – General Rules")

Other Requirements throughout the semester:

  1. 80% Attendance at practices on anatomy
  2. 80% Attendance at practices on histology and embryology
  3. 80% Attendance at practices on physiology + conferences
  4. Attendance at practical training on biochemistry 
  5. 80% Attendance at practices on winter necropsy

*To receive credit for the winter semester, all students must pass the oral part of course test 4, as well as the written, regardless of the number of points they have already accumulated.

 

Requirements for Credits - Summer Semester:

Course 5, Heart & Circulation - 3 weeks:

  1. Written Course Test 5 - anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, biochemistry.

Course 6, Nervous System – 7 weeks + Course 7, Senses – 1 week:

  1. Nervous System Anatomy - Oral Test
  2. Nervous System & Senses Physiology - Oral Test
  3. Written Course Test 6+7 - anatomy, histology and embryology, biochemistry.

Course 8, Endocrine System – 4 weeks:

  1. Written Course Test 8 - anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, biochemistry.

Other requirements throughout the semester:

  1. Summer Necropsy - written online test + oral practical test
  2. Essay/Oral Presentation (physiology)
  3. 80% Attendance at practices on anatomy
  4. 80% Attendance at practices on histology and embryology
  5. 80% Attendance at practices on physiology + conferences
  6. 80% Attendance at practices on summer necropsy

Summer Examination Period:

  1. Practical examination (physiology)
  2. Histology Credit Test – oral test
  3. Summer Combined Test (if applicable - see "Written and Oral Tests – General Rules")

 

Written and Oral Tests – General Rules:

The following rules apply to all tests during the winter and summer semesters.

  • Students have four attempts at every test (one regular term + three retakes), with the exception of Course Tests and Combined Tests.
  • Course Tests take place only once a year, at the end of their respective course, on a predetermined date published in the schedule.
  • Students can earn up to 6 points per Course Test according to a table of percentages published in Vyuka. To pass the semester, students must achieve at least 1 point in every course test and each of their parts, and accumulate at least 13 out of 18 points across the three written Course Tests before the end of the respective semester.
  • Only students who fail to accumulate at least 13 points until the end of the semester, or fail any of the course tests or its written parts, will be required to pass the Combined Test.
  • Combined Tests assess materials covered in the 3 courses in the semester. These tests are not graded, to pass students must achieve an overall score of at least 75%, and 50% in each course individually.
  • Students have three attempts at each Combined Test: one attempt during the respective examination period and two attempts in the summer examination period.
  • Test revisions for course tests, combined tests and the small anatomy tests will follow the internal policy published in Vyuka.
  • During tests, copying, accessing external websites, or using any unauthorized resources is strictly prohibited. Additionally, students are not permitted to have watches, mobile phones, earphones, or any other electronic devices, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, in their test space (seat) during both written and oral tests. Possession of these items, even without use, will lead to the immediate termination of the test and will be promptly reported to the disciplinary committee for appropriate action.

More information on the points system for Course Tests and the general exam requirements can be found in Vyuka under the folders “General Information & Rules" and "Tests and Final Exam”.

 

Students with an ISP (Individual Study Plan):

  • Students with ISP who have already gathered the credits for one of the semesters in their previous year of studies, will have these credits recognized for the new academic year, without the need to retake any of the required tests in that semester.
  • ISP students who have not completed one of the course tests in the previous academic year, will be required to pass the combined test of the respective semester, or collect 13 points in the 3 course tests.
  • Recognition of all other tests/requirements will be dealt with based on individual cases by the head(s) of the subject/departments.

 

Final Exam – Structure and Function of the Human Body:

  • To register for the exam, students must fulfill all the aforementioned criteria (i.e. obtain credits for both the Winter and Summer semesters). Registration takes place in SIS, and all students must sign up to take the exam.
  • Students have 3 attempts at the exam. Once registered for an attempt, students must attend. If a student fails to attend without a prior excuse, they will lose that attempt.
  • During the final exam, copying, accessing external websites, or using any unauthorized resources is strictly prohibited. Additionally, students are not permitted to have watches, mobile phones, earphones, or any other electronic devices, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, in their test space (seat) during both the preparation time and the oral exam. Possession of these items, even without use, will lead to the immediate termination of the test and will be promptly reported to the disciplinary committee for appropriate action.
  • The exam is an oral exam covering all four subjects (anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, and biochemistry). Students are expected to independently present their knowledge and answer questions on two topics that they will randomly select by blindly picking 1 question/topic from each of the following sets:
  1. Bone
  2. Joint
  3. Skeletal muscle and its function
  4. Neuromuscular plate
  5. Plasma and hemostasis
  6. Red blood cells
  7. White blood cells and immunity
  8. Proteins
  9. Lipids
  10. Carbohydrates
  11. Liver
  12. Bile
  13. Oral cavity, peritoneum and vitamins
  14. Ventilation
  15. Diffusion and perfusion in lungs
  16. Acid-base balance
  17. Production and composition of urine
  18. Excretion of urine
  19. Hemodynamics, the heart as a pump
  20. Electric activity of heart
  21. Arteries
  22. Veins
  23. Lymph

----------------------------------------------------

  1. Spinal cord and reflexes
  2. Brain stem
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Diencephalon and basal ganglia
  5. Cerebral cortex
  6. Motor systems
  7. Sensory systems
  8. Behavior, emotions, learning and memory
  9. Autonomic nervous system
  10. Wakefulness and sleep
  11. Touch and proprioception
  12. Vision
  13. Hearing and balance
  14. Taste and smell
  15. Pain
  16. Endocrine regulation
  17. Hypothalamic-hypophysial system
  18. Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
  19. Suprarenal gland
  20. Male genital organs
  21. Female genital organs
  22. Pregnancy, parturition and lactation
  23. Thermoregulation

 

Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Syllabus -
For more information on the syllabus, please refer to Vyuka (https://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz) and the learning outcomes of each class.
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Entry requirements -
Fulfilled Module Cellular Basis of Medicine (SIS code CVSE1M0001 or C1VL001).
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
Registration requirements -
Fulfilled Module Cellular Basis of Medicine (SIS code CVSE1M0001 or C1VL001).
Last update: Sousa Palma Paulo Manuel, MUDr. (27.09.2024)
 
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