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The subject covers introduction to biostatistics, principles of statistical reasoning, testing, and interpretation of the analyses.
Last update: Fialová Alena, RNDr., Ph.D. (10.12.2019)
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The aim of the subject is to familiarize students with the principles of using mathematical and statistical methods in medicine. It explains principles of statistical induction, basic statistical methods and interpretation of results of statistical analyzes commonly used in medical literature. This knowledge is the basis for a correct understanding of the principles of evidence-based medicine. Last update: Fialová Alena, RNDr., Ph.D. (27.09.2017)
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Participation in practicals and test. Participation - the student will attend at least four of the five practical exercises. The multiple-choice test will include theoretical questions and practical interpretation of the results of statistical calculations. At least 65 % of the correct answers are required. Last update: Čapek Václav, RNDr., Ph.D. (25.10.2024)
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KIRKWOOD, B.R. (1992). Essentials of Medical Statistics. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. ROSNER, B.A. (1995). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Duxbury Press, Belmont. dos SANTOS SILVA, I. (1999). Cancer Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Last update: Fialová Alena, RNDr., Ph.D. (10.12.2019)
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Lectures, practicals Last update: Fialová Alena, RNDr., Ph.D. (03.12.2019)
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LECTURES
1. Statistical concepts, statistical induction and testing Statistics in Medical Sciences Logic of statistical reasoning (observations vs. hypotheses) Important steps in applying statistics Types of variables Descriptive statistics (location and variability characteristics) Probability, distribution Population - selection, sampling techniques Representativeness of the selection Point and interval estimation, mean error of the mean Confidence interval Principles of statistical testing Statistical hypothesis and level of significance One-sided and two-sided hypotheses Single-choice, double-choice and paired tests Parametric and non-parametric tests Position hypothesis testing (t-test, Wilcoxon test, analysis of variance) Interpretation of statistical analysis results 2. Statistical methods in medicine Contingency tables (four-field tables), methods for comparing ratios Chi-square test, Fisher's and McNemar's test Basic types of studies used in epidemiology and corresponding statistical models for their evaluation Demographic statistics, rates and ratios Relative risk, odds ratio Bias, Accuracy Relationship between two variables: correlation, regression Advanced statistical methods in epidemiology (logistic regression, censored data, survival analysis) Mathematical tools for planning surveys and experiments, determining sample size PRACTICAL EXERCISES 1. Basics of descriptive statistics: types of variables, probability distribution (binomial, Poisson, normal), population and sampling, sampling methods Location and variability characteristics, mean error of the mean, histogram, point and interval estimation, confidence interval Statistical tests: statistical hypothesis testing, p-value, level of significance 2. Statistical tests for continuous variables: parametric and non-parametric tests, t-test and Wilcoxon test (one-sample, two-sample, paired), analysis of variance (ANOVA), F-test Statistical software 3. Statistical tests of categorical variables: contingency table, chi-square test, McNemar's test Statistical methods in epidemiology: epidemiological risk measures and corresponding confidence intervals, bias, interpretation 4. Statistical methods in epidemiology: evaluation of data from surveillance and registers, diagnostic and screening tests Planning surveys: statistical test power, sample size determination, I and II errors 5. Regression analysis: correlation, linear regression, multiple regression, logistic regression, trend test Survival analysis: clinical trials, Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank test, Cox proportional hazard model Practical use of statistics: statistics in published medical articles, discussion of statistical methods, selection of a statistical test Final test Last update: Čapek Václav, RNDr., Ph.D. (24.10.2024)
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