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Prescription writing, Basic principles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, adverse effects of drugs and
drug interactions. Drug dependence and drug abuse. Drug use during pregnancy, lactation, children and aging.
Last update: Kolářová Jana (27.01.2020)
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Obligatory:
Last update: Bartošová Olga, MUDr., Ph.D. (15.08.2023)
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Teaching consists of lectures and seminars. Student attendance at lectures is recommended, student attendance at seminars is compulsory.
Lectures Seminars - Participation in seminars is mandatory. - Compulsory tests listed for the given subject in the syllabus will take place in full-time form at the Institute of Pharmacology of the First Medical Faculty of Charles University Credit - conditions for granting credit: 1. the most 2 absences are allowed 2. successful full-time completion of compulsory tests listed for the subject in the syllabus on the SIS. Exam The examinations will take place in person on the dates listed in the SIS. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact us. MD Olga Bartošová, Ph.D. (omato@lf1.cuni.cz), representative for teaching English parallel prof. MD Ondřej Slanař, Ph.D. (oslan@lf1.cuni.cz), head of the department Last update: Bartošová Olga, MUDr., Ph.D. (15.08.2023)
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Conditions for Pharmacology Seminars (Credits) Maximum two absences Successful passing of all tests Active presence on practical lessons
Examination rules for students of Dental Medicine at the Institute of Pharmacology in the subject Pharmacology Announcement of examination The examination dates will be set during the regular examination period of the summer semester. All dates will be announced in the 5th week of the semester. All dates are entered in the SIS, together with the information specifying the start of registration and the deadlines for (un)registraion. This number of dates will be definitive.
During the regular examination period of the summer semester will be announced for the summer holiday time, and for the second part of the regular examination period (beginning of September). All dates are entered in the SIS, together with the information specifying the start of registration and the deadlines for (un)registraion. No additional examination terms will be issued. Rules for registration for exams and cancellation. The start of registration for specific examination dates will be entered in SIS, and it will be different in particular groups of terms. For the pre-term and regular terms, registration is possible from the 7th week of the summer semester.
Students can log in to only one examination date. Registration for an exam is not conditional upon obtaining the credit but taking the exam is, apart from the credit in the given subject, also limited by completion of any subject that is specified as a (pre)requisite. A student who fails to meet the given requisites will be deleted from the list for the term before examination, of which he/she will be informed by e-mail. This deletion will not reduce the number of terms further available for the student. A student can only take the exam if registered for the term in SIS, and when all requisites for the exam have been met.
Failure to turn up for examination and apology. The student who fails to turn up for the examination that he/she has registered for cannot register for another examination date.The student must apologise to Dr. Olga Bartošová, omato@lf1.cuni.cz, tel. 224 968 030, 224 96 4133 in writing or in electronic mail, giving and substantiating the reasons for the apology.The student will be informed about acceptance of the apology and also deleted from the original list so that he/she can register for another date.The principal teacher of the subject can require specification of the apology or its reasons if he/she finds the apology insufficient.
Re-examinations A student can take an examination for three times as a maximum, i.e. the student is entitled to two re-examinations, and no extraordinary terms beyond that are allowed. However, if the student does not exploit the above options within the set examination dates, this does not entitle him/her to a special date of examination to be appointed for him/her personally. No more examination dates (“terms”) will be set. Further, no examinations can be taken after the end of the second part of the regular examination period in September, or after the last term announced. Rules of the exam The range of knowledge required for the exam is defined by exam questions, a textbook of pharmacology and the content of lectures and seminars. It is assumed that the student will acquire some knowledge through self-study, and that he will be able to apply the knowledge gained during the study of other subjects. It is not allowed to use Pharmindex Brevíř or other drug databases during the test. The exam consists of two parts - written and oral: 1. Written part Recipe It consists of a written prescription of one product - 1 brand name. Significant ignorance may be the reason for failure of the exam. 2. Oral part It consists of a duplicate of questions being drawn. Significant ignorance of any of the sub-questions may be the reason for failure of the exam. If a student goes to the second resit (third term), he / she will be examined by a panel of at least two examiners.
Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS - DENTISTRY since 2021/2022
1. - Alpha and beta sympathomimetics (classification according to their selectivity; therapeutic use, side effects).
- Drugs affecting mineral homeostasis in bones, treatment of osteoporosis.
2. - Parasympathomimetics (indications for administration, side effects).
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs, anxiolytics.
3. - Drug dose dependent response effect (dose types, relationship between drug concentration and response, relationship between drug dose and clinical response, therapeutic range, therapeutic index).
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanism of action, therapeutic use, side effects (including side effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors).
4. - Drug distribution in the body (volume of distribution - importance for drug dosing); one and two-compartment pharmacokinetic model; zero and first-order elimination in pharmacokinetics.
- General anesthetics and drugs used for premedication.
5. - Side and adverse effects of drugs - classification (dose dependence, specific examples). The importance of pharmacovigilance.
- Antidiabetics.
6. - Pharmacokinetics; basic parameters and formulas for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters, the clinical relevance of individual parameters.
- Anticoagulants, including NOAC/DOAC (new/direct oral anticoagulants).
7. - Overview of analgesics. General principles of pain treatment - use of analgesics in dentistry.
- Diuretics (classification according to mechanisms of action; therapeutic use of individual groups of diuretics).
8. - Antiepileptics.
- Therapeutic options to reduce the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; importance for the prognosis in cardiovascular diseases.
9. - β sympatholytics (classification of beta blockers; cardiac and non-cardiac indications, adverse reactions).
- Pharmacotherapy of allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock.
10. - Specifics of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy and lactation; teratogenic effects of drugs; drugs that can be used during pregnancy in various conditions (e.g. fever, hypertension, diabetes, bronchial asthma, infectious diseases, epilepsy, etc.). The issue of using antibiotics and local anesthetics in pregnancy.
- Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's dementia - current pharmacotherapy options, side effects.
11. - Overview of pharmacotherapy of acute and chronic stable heart failure.
- Antibiotics: macrolides and macrolide-related antibiotics, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, lincosamines, aminoglycosides.
12. - Clinical trials in drug development, bioequivalence studies, evidence-based pharmacotherapy.
- Psychotropic drugs: neuroleptics (antipsychotics), psychostimulants, nootropics.
13. - Psychopharmaceuticals: Antimanics and antidepressants.
- Thyroid and antithyroid drugs.
14. - Intoxication; principles of patient care, antidotes.
- Drugs used in asthma bronchiale.
15. - Antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry. Principles of using antibiotics in dentistry.
- Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use, side effects.
16. - Parasympatholytics (indications for administration, side effects).
- Antifungals for systemic and topical application.
17. - Routes of drug administration (relationship to the rate of onset of drug action, relationship to the pharmacokinetics of the active substance).
- Drugs used to treat ischemic heart disease (overview of groups, other indications, side effects, absolute contraindications).
18. - Local anesthetics - use in dentistry, methods of application, the effect of a local vasoconstrictor.
- Antiemetics, antimigraine drugs.
19. - Disinfectants and antiseptics used in dentistry.
- Antihypertensives - overview of pharmacotherapeutic groups, classification according to EBM (evidence-based medicine).
20. - Specifics of pharmacotherapy and drug dosing in children and elderly patients. Dosage adjustment depending on the function of the elimination organs.
- Pharmacotherapy of cancer - conventional cytostatic/anticancer chemotherapy (classification, side effects), possibilities of targeted anticancer treatment.
21. - Mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level; target structures of specific drug action; drugs with receptor-independent effects (examples).
- Opioid analgesics.
22. - Central and peripheral skeletal muscle relaxants - overview, clinical significance.
- Beta-lactam antibiotics (classification, differences between groups, clinical use).
23. - Interindividual variability in patients' drug sensitivity and responsiveness (causes).
- Local anesthetics - overview of substances, mechanism of action, side effects.
24. - Adverse drug reactions in the oral cavity. Pharmacological approaches to influence salivation.
- Female sex hormones, hormonal contraception in women, hormone replacement therapy. Tocolytics, uterotonics.
25. - Drug biotransformation and its importance for drug elimination (types of biotransformations, role of enzyme induction and inhibition).
- Antiarrhythmics (classification, basic mechanism of action, clinical significance).
26. - Alpha-adrenergic sympatholytics, direct vasodilators, phlebotonics (venopharmaceuticals).
- Pharmacotherapy of gastroduodenal ulcer disease.
27. - Antiplatelet agents and fibrinolytics. Hemostatics, antifibrynolytics.
- Calcium channel blockers.
28. - Local anesthetics - intoxication with local anesthetics and its treatment.
- Antidiarrheal agents, laxatives, GIT antispasmodics, pharmacotherapy possibilities of inflammatory bowel disease.
29. - Pharmacotherapy of selected acute conditions: acute coronary syndrome, hypertensive crisis, bronchial asthma attack, epileptic attack, hypoglycemia, acute adrenocortical insufficiency.
- Antivirals (overview; antivirals for topical use).
30. - Pharmacotherapy of addictions and withdrawal symptoms in the most frequently abused substances and drugs.
- Antihistamines (classification, therapeutic indications, side effects).
31. - Drug interactions: types of drug-drug interactions, interactions with food (examples). Polypharmacy.
- Glycopeptide antibiotics, nitroimidazoles, antimicrobial chemotherapeutics inhibiting folic acid production, fluoroquinolones, antituberculotics.
32. - Basic pharmacokinetic parameters affecting steady-state drug plasma levels - elimination rate constant, elimination half-life, drug clearance, renal and non-renal clearance.
- Non-opioid analgesics.
33. - Analgosedation; its importance in dentistry.
- Antitussives and expectorants, decongestants, bronchodilators.
34. - Principles of dental treatment of patients taking anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.
- Immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulators.
35.
- Hypolipidemic agents.
36. - Basic quantitative aspects of drug-receptor interaction (affinity, intrinsic activity); agonism, partial agonism, competitive and non-competitive antagonism (plot graphically on drug concentration-effect curve).
- Antirheumatic drugs, drugs used in gout.
Last update: Bartošová Olga, MUDr., Ph.D. (15.08.2023)
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Disease or system oriented drugs of interest to dentistry students: local anesthetics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, anticoagulants and fibrinolytics, antibacterial, antimycotics, antiviral (including HIV) agents.
Groups of drugs that my be prescribed by other specialists for patient undergoing dentistry medical care for potential interaction include:
1) cardiovascular system and respiratory tract drugs; 2) drugs affecting CNS- antiepileptics, antiparkinsonism, drugs in neurodegenerative diseases; 3) drugs affecting peripheral nervous system; 4) drugs affecting GIT (peptic ulcer-irritable bowel syndrome- irritable bowel disease; 5) drugs affecting endocrine system (pancreas- diabetes mellitus-thyroidal drugs-contraception-corticosteroids-drugs affecting calcium and mineral homeostasis); 6) pharmacologic basis of cancer chemotherapy; 7) immunomodulatory drugs.
Interactive teaching PC programs in pharmacology are available during seminars. Last update: Kolářová Jana (27.01.2020)
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