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Basic knowledge of microbiology, special dental part of microbiology, virology, mycology and parasitology. Human patogens, their properties, diagnostics, immunization, antibiotics, antibacterial and virostatic therapy, vaccination. Microbiological apects of microflora of oral cavity, special dental microbiological profile. Methods of treatment. Practice: methods of sample collection of biological materials, methods of identification, stategy of antibacterial therapy - antibiotic centre, antibiotic police, interpretation of results of examination.
Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
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to teach future dentists, how to deal with infectious or contaminated material, decontamination, desinfection and sterilisation techniques, guidelines for aseptic work in a oral cavity area, the risks of infections concerning dental treatment, differential diagniosics of infectious diseases with manifestations in a oral cavity, basic strategies in antibiotic therapy. Basics of general and special medical microbiology including pathogenesis of the most important infections and anti-infection immunity mechanisms of the host. Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
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Obligatory:
Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (21.02.2023)
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Lectures and 2 one-week practical blocks (the 2nd and the 4th week of the semester), with a special focus on microbiology of oral cavity and diagnostic and desinfection techniques. Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (21.02.2023)
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EXAMINATION OUESTIONS ON MICROBIOLOGY FOR STUDENTS OF DENTlSTRY
PART ONE: PRACTICALS 1. Dírect detection of infectious agent 2. Microscopy 3. Gram stain technique 4. Immunofluorescence 5. Media for bacterial cultures 6. Identification techniques for bacteria 7. Toxin detection and titration techniques 8. Disc diffusion test on antibiotic susceptibi1ity 9. MIC determination 10. MBC determination 11. Indirect detection of infectious agent 12. Serological reactions 13. ELlSA 14. CFR (Complement Fixing reaction) 15. Guidelines for proper collection of specimens - swabs 16. Guidelines for proper collection of blood cultures 17. Anarobic bacteria culture 18. Hybridization probes 19. Amplification techniques - PCR 20. Physical techniques for disinfection and Sterilisation 21. Autoclave - priciple and function 22. Parameters for sterilisation by saturated steam 23. Hot air sterilizer 24. Parameters for hot air sterilisation 25. Disinfection/ decontamination of hands 26. Techniques for decontamination oftools and materials 27. Techniques for control of sterilisation process 28. Techniques for control of area microbial purity 29. Guidelines for discarding of infectious and toxic waste 30. Bacteriological investigation of urine PART TWO: General Microbiology 1. Basic properties of bacteria, structure of bacterial cell 2. Basic properties of viruses, virus structure 3. Basic properties of pathogenic funghi 4. Collection and transport of samples for microbiological examination 5. Laboratory diagnostics ofbacterial infections 6. Laboratory diagnostics of viral infections 7. Laboratory diagnosncs of parasitic infections 8. Laboratory diagnostics of mycotic infections 9. Surface structures ofbacterial cell 10. Bacterial cell wall 11. Genetic information in a bacterial cell 12. Disinfection and sterilisation, decontamination, asepsis 13. Antibiotics - mechanisms of action 14. Resistence to antibiotic, development and prevention 15. Guidelines for rational antibiotic use for treatment 16. Prophylactic use of antibiotics 17. Antimycotics, Antivirals, Antiparasitics 18. Pathogenicity and virulence ofbacteria 19. Nonnal microbial flora ofhumans 20. Adherence ofbacteria, infections ofmucoid membranes 21. Bacterial toxins, toxinoses 22. Endotoxin 23. Pathogenesis of viral infections 24. Anaerobic infections 25. Cellular immune mechanisms 26. Humoral immune mechanisms 27. Principles of immunisation against infectious diseases 28. Types ofvaccÍnes for active immunisation 29. Passive immunisation 30. Nosocomial (hospital) infections PART THREE: Specialized microbiology 1. Oral Cavity Microbial Flora 2. Oral Cavity Anaerobic Flora 3. Dental plaque 4. Caries - role of microorganisms in development 5. Parodontitis,. parodontosis 6. Odontogenic bacterial infections 7. Bacterial infections of the oral cavity 8. Viral infections of the oral cavity 9. Fungal infections ofthe oral cavity 10. Exanthemas and enanthemas of infectious origin 11. Agents causing invasive and inflammatory diseases of the GIT 12. Agents causing toxic infections ofthe GIT 13. Bacteria causing infections of upper respiratory tract 14. Bacteria infecting lower respiratory tract 15. Microbiology of Tuberculosis 16. Viral respiratory infections 17. Mycotic and parasitic infections of resp. tract 18. Agents infecting urinary tract 19. Agents of sexua1ly transmittable diseases 20. HIV and AIDS 21. How to treat an HIV -positive patient 22. Agents causing meningitis and encepha1itis 23. Wound infections 24. Sepsis and septic shock 25. Hepatitis viruses 26. Anaerobic infections 27. Agents acting in Sinusitis 28. Syphilis and manifestations in the oral cavity 29. Risks of infection following tooth extraction and other dental surgeries 30. Actinomycets and actinomycoses. Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (21.02.2023)
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Basic properties of bacteria, their virulence factors, pathogenesis of infections. G+ and G- cocci, G+ and G- rods, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasmas, Chlamydiae, Rickettsiae, Spirochets. Basics of medical mycology and parasitology. Desinfection and sterilization, Antimicrobial drugs and strategy of therapy. General and special virology, pathogenesis of viral infections, immune mechanisms of the host, vaccination. HIV, HAV,HBV,HCV,HDV,HEV, Herpesviridae, Neurotropic viruses, Viral diarrhoeas. Respiratory Tract infections, Sexually transmitted infections. Infections with exanthemas and other skin and mucose manifestations. Oral Cavity microbial flora and infection processes. Diagnostic Techniques in medical microbiology. Practicals 1 (one week, total 26 hours): Microscopy in medical bacteriology, mycology and parasitology. Native, fixed and stained slide. Staining techniques (Gram. Ziehl-Nielsen, Buri, Giemsa, immunofluorescence). Bacterial culture media, cultures and macroscopic morphology. Metabolic Tests (API, Pliva Staphytest, Streptotest, Enterotest) Toxin detection. Antigen detection, Typing. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (diffusion/disc tests, E-tests, MIC, MBC-testing) Serologic reactions( agglutination, precipitation, immunodiffusion, immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunoblot). Genome detection techniques - hybridisation, PCR. Horizontál electrophoresis, real-time PCR. Urine culture and interpreting of the test. Yeast culture (Sabouraud) and GT-test. Sample collection techniques and Kits, documentation, transport requirements. Disinfection and Sterilisation techniques and Sterility control. Blood cultures - proper taking of samples, culture systéme icl. BacTec, BactAlert. Anearobic Culture. Anaerostat. Practicals 2 (one week, total 26 hours): Students practisize collection of their own samples: throat swab, nose swab, urine and transport them to the laboratory. During the week they follow algorithm of routine bacteriological laboratory work-flow hands-on. Additionaly they obtain coded patiens samples: urine, stool, vaginal swab and blood culture. They investigate each sample making different tests. At the end they have to provide results for each sample: Determined pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics Additionaly they perform Immunocard tests for different agents: viral or bacterial. They interpret serological tests and detect genome of EBV or CMV using PCR Seminars (Attendance Compulsory):
Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
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Prerequisites: B01129 Biochemistry and pathobiochemistry 2, B01401 Anatomy 2, B81402 Histology and embryology
A white coat and lab shoes required. Assignment of the students in the practical weeks will be announced in advance in the SIS. Changes of the assigned terms are allowed only due to serious and well documented reasons - illness, hospitalization, VISA issues. Please contact Dr. Tibor Moško (tibor.mosko@lf1.cuni.cz) Last update: Petříčková Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (21.02.2023)
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