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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Cellular Basis of Medicine - CVSE1P0010
Title: Buněčné základy medicíny
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology 3FM CU (12-BIOC)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2018
Semester: summer
Points: 20
E-Credits: 20
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:00/0, Ex [HS]
Extent per academic year: 0 [hours]
Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: cancelled
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. MUDr. Jan Trnka, Ph.D.
Is interchangeable with: CVSE1M0001
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)
Module Cellular Basis of Medicine ("module Cell") consists of six courses - three in the winter semester and three in the summer semester:
 Course 1 - Structure of cells, Course 2 - Energy for cells, Course 3 - Signals of cells and cellular cycle, Course 4 - Genetic information and its expression, Course 5 - Development of cells and tissues, Course 6 - Conncetive tissue, blood, immunity. The teaching in this module is carried out by the Department of biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, Department of histology and embryology, Department of medical genetics and Department of immunology.
Aim of the course -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)

The aim of the subject should be to submit self-contained knowledge about cells and tissues. The  students obtain basic knowledge in molecular biology, biochemistry, histology, genetics and imunology by integrated form of teaching.

Literature -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

  • Alberts B. et al.: Essential Cell Biology. Garland Science, New York & London, 2010
  • Alberts B. et.al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science, New York, 2008 
  • Lodish H. et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2008
  • Knowles M. and Selby P.: Introduction to the Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York, 2005

 BIOCHEMISTRY

  • Murray, Robert K.: Harper´s Illustrated Biochemistry, 29th ed., 2012, ISBN 978-0071765763
  • Jan Koolman, Klaus-Heinrich Röhm: Color Atlas of Biochemistry, Thieme, Stuttgard, 2012, ISBN 978-3131003737, also available from http://www.lf3.cuni.cz/en/departments/svi/e-book/foreign-books/index.html  
  • Pamela C. Champe, Richard A. Harvey: Lippincott´s Illustrated Reviews - Biochemistry, ISBN 0-397-51091-8
  • Thomas M. Devlin et al.: Textbook of Biochemistry With Clinical Correlations, 4th ed., ISBN 0-471-15451-2

 GENETICS

  • Robert L. Nussbaum, Roderick R. McInnes, Huntington F. Willard: Thompson and Thompson: Genetics in Medicine. Eighth edition, Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-1-4377-0696-3
  • Lynn B. Jorde, John C. Carey, Michael J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics. Fifth edition, Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-0-323-18835-7
  • Dorian J. Pritchard, Bruce R. Korf: Medical Genetics at a Glance. Second edition, Blackwell Publishing 2008

 HISTOLOGY

  • Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Basic Histology. Text and atlas. 14th ed. (last one) McGraw-Hill, New York 2005.
  • Ross and Pawlina: Histology - a Text and Atlas (with correlated cell and  molecular biology)
  • Young B, Heath JW: Wheather's Functional Histology: a Text and Colour Atlas. 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1993.
  • Kierszenbaum AL: Histology and Cell Biology. An Introduction to Pathology. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia
  • Eroschenko VP.: diFiore´s Atlas of Histology with functional correlations – my opinion : a bit simplified , but a lot of good pictures
  • Kerr JB: Functional Histology, 2nd ed, Mosby, 2010.
  • Moore KL,Persaud TVN: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryolog, 10 th ed,  Elsevier, 2015,  ISBN 80-85866-94-3
  • Sadler TW:  Langman´s Medical Embryology, 13 th  ed., William and Wilkins 2015, ISBN-13: 978-1451191646

 IMMUNOLOGY

  • Abbas, AH Lichtman, S Pillai.  Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Elsevier, 2011. 7th ed.
  • Roitt I, Delves PJ: Essential Immunology. Blackwell Scientific Publications 2012, 12th ed.
  • Kindt TJ: Kuby Immunology, New York : W.H. Freeman, 2006 
  • Immunobiology, Janeway CA et al., available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&depth=2
  • Any other immunology textbook can be used

 

Teaching methods -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)

Forms of teaching in this module include lectures, seminars and practicals.
Essay topics are assigned by teachers before some seminars in which they are to be presented by students.

Requirements to the exam -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)

Exam requirements

The final module exam will take place in the summer examination period (June-September) in the form of a written test from all six courses of the module. In order to pass the exam you must obtain at least 60 % of points from questions of each course and at the same time obtain at least 70 % of the total number of points from the test. The points you accumulated over the year in course tests will be added to your total score and as such they can help you pass the test or improve your mark. However, these points are not added to the 60 % requirement from each course, you must reach this mark regardless of your work during the year. 

Detailed information about exam:

  • exam test can be taken three times at maximum, only in the summer examination period
  • exam dates are announced in SIS - you can sign up for the exam only if you’ve received both semestral credits (winter and summer)
  • you MUST sign up for chosen date of the exam in SIS: you will not be able to take the test without it
  • once you register for an exam you must attend - if you fail to attend without a prior apology you will lose the attempt, i.e. out of three total attempts you will only have two (or one if you fail to attend again without a prior apology)
  • the first exam date is only for students with both credits fulfilled on schedule, i.e. those who do not need to take a summer combined test (more details in Requirements for credit)
  • it is a written exam containing two parts: half points of the test is for True/False Questions and the other half points is for Short Answer Questions, i.e. both parts of the test are evaluated by equal number of points
  • the test includes 10 questions from each course: 8 True/False Questions and 2 Short Answer Questions, i.e. 60 questions all together (6 courses: 8x6=48 True/False Questions and 2x6=12 Short Answer Questions)
  • topics from which test questions are randomly generated are the same as topics of lectures of the whole module (see syllabus)
  • each True/False Question contains four statements: 0 - 4 statements may be correct, each statement is evaluated separately (1 point / statement); one statement in each question is considered essential knowledge and is weighted accordingly: if you fail to answer this statement correctly you receive zero points for the whole question
  • total number of points from the test: 4 points for each True/False Question, 16 points for each Short Answer Question, i. e. 4x8x6 + 16x2x6 = 192 + 192 = 384 points all together (= 100%)
  • overall time for the test: 3 hours (10 min. / each Short Answer Question, 60 min. / all True/False Questions)
  • to pass the exam you must
    a) reach at least 60 % of points from each of the six courses (38 points) and at the same time
    b) reach at least 70 % of points from the whole test (269 points)
    ! you will need your seven-digit ID number for identification of the test (it is found in the SIS), black or dark-blue pen (to fill in a bubble-answer form) and a calculator !
  • points accumulated from course tests during the year are added to the total number of points from the exam test: 6 courses x 5 points = maximum 30 points
  • these points are not added to point counts from individual courses
  • points from course tests can improve your result by one mark
  • exam marking: 

total number of points

268 and less

269 - 306

307 - 345

346 and more

mark

4

3

2

1

 

Requirements for semestral credits

- rules for winter and summer semesters are the same:

1) participation in practicals

2) presentation of essays

3) tests

 

Requirements for fulfilment of credit conditions and rules for their substitution


1) practicals
: active participation and knowledge are assessed, a laboratory coat is required

  • biochemical practicals - processing of given tasks, laboratory reports
  • histological slides - worked-out workbook, test on slides
  • molecular biology practicals - processing of given tasks, written test
  • cytogenetics practicals - processing of given tasks

rules for substitution of practicals:

  • there are compensatory dates of practicals; written elaboration of missing task and testing is possible only in case of proved relevant reasons of absence (e.g. illness)

  

2) essays: essay content and oral presentation are assessed

  • clinical detective stories 1 - 9 - preparation in advance, active participation at seminars (= presentation and discussion)
  • seminar paper on inherited disorder (once in the summer semester) - presentation at a seminar

rules for substitution of essays:

  • written elaboration needs to be personally hand in and presented to your teacher

 

3) semestral credit tests: performance in the tests is assessed

  • each semestral test is divided into three course tests taken after each course during both semesters (i.e. 3 tests in the winter and 3 tests in the summer semester), you have 70 min. for the test; credit tests include both the TRUE/FALSE questions and Short Answer questions, you need to obtain at least 6 from 15 points each semester, the points are added to your exam result
  • if you do not perform adequately in the course tests you has to take the combined test from all three courses at once (i.e. winter combined test and/or summer combined test), you have 90 min. for the test; the combined test include only TRUE/FALSE questions, you need at least 70% of points from the test, the points are NOT added to your exam results

rules for substitution of tests:

  • there are three dates of combined tests (the winter combined test can be taken 1x in February, 1x in June and 1x in September; the summer combined test can be taken 2x in June and 1x in September; you must be sign up in the SIS for the combined tests; CAUTION: the tests in June are held after the first exam test (= pre-term) date

 

For more information see the application Vyuka  (http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/)

In case of questions regarding the module use cell@lf3.cuni.cz

Syllabus -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)

Detailed information about lectures, seminars and practicals are available at http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/

Courses of the winter semester                                                                                                                                                

  • Course 1  -  Structure of cells  ("Structure") 
  • Course 2  -  Energy for cells  ("Energy")                                                                                 
  • Course 3  -  Signals of cells and cellular cycle ("Signals")                                                                                  

Courses of the summer semester                                                                                                                                                 

  • Course 4 - Genetic information and its expression  ("Heredity")                                                                   
  • Course 5 - Development of cells and tissues  ("Development")             
  • Course 6 - Connective tissue, blood, immunity ("Tissues")

 

The following list of lectures sumarizes topics from which test questions are randomly generated (see Requirements to the exam):

Course 1 - Structure

  • Laboratory analytical
  • History of Life on Earth
  • Structure of prokaryotic cell
  • Genetics of prokaryotes
  • Structure of eukaryotic cell, organelles
  • Cell types
  • Composition of intracellular fluid, pH
  • Basic building blocks of cells
  • Structure of proteins
  • Protein functions
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Methods of protein analysis I
  • Structure of Nucleic Acids
  • Genetic code, genes, genome
  • Structure and function of cell nucleus, chromatin
  • Chromosomal basis of heredity
  • Structure and function of membranes
  • Transport across membranes, membrane potential, osmosis
  • Intracellular transport of substances
  • Extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and cell junctions
  • Epithelial tissue and its diversity
  • Epithelial tissues in the scope of their barrier function.
  • Glandular epithelia. Functional types of secretory cells.
  • Special methods of histology to distinguish tissues and cells

Course 2 - Energy

  • What fuels our cells?
  • Energy metabolism - the overview
  • Chemical reactions in the metabolism
  • Enzymes
  • Coenzymes, vitamins, trace elements
  • Inhibition of enzymes, use in farmacology
  • Mitochondria - structure and origin
  • Electron transport chain and ATP formation
  • Krebs cycle
  • Degradation and synthesis of glucose
  • Pentose phosphate cycle, metabolism of fructose and galactose
  • Degradation of lipids, ketone bodies
  • Energy storage in cells
  • Metabolism of cholesterol
  • Metabolism of amino acids I.
  • Metabolism of amino acids II.
  • Enzymopathy
  • Muscle tissue
  • Cell Motility and Molecular Motors
  • Metabolism of muscle cells, muscle contraction
  • Regulation of metabolic pathways at the cellular level
  • Exceptional situations in cells

Course 3 - Signals

  • Extracellular signalling
  • Extracellular signalling molecules
  • Cells producing signalling molecules
  • Synthesis and degradation of signalling molecules
  • Signal transfer into cell, membrane receptors
  • Intracellular signaling and signal execution
  • Signaling pathways I
  • Signaling pathways II
  • Signaling pathways III
  • Cell Cycle
  • Regulation of cell cycle
  • Meiosis, abnormalities of cell division and fertilization
  • Gametogenesis and fertilization
  • Cell Differentiation and senescence
  • Apoptosis
  • Regulation of Apoptosis
  • Nervous tissue, structure of synapse
  • Transmission of the information in the nervous system - the synapse, action potential
  • Synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters
  • Neurotransmitters and their receptors
  • Receptors in pharmacology
  • Pharmacology of signalling molecules
  • Endocrine signalization and its disorders

Course 4 - Heredity

  • Principles of heredity, Mendelian principles
  • Gene linkage
  • Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations I
  • Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations II
  • Genetic determination of sex
  • Metabolism of nucleotides
  • DNA replication and reparation
  • Transcription and translation
  • Regulation of gene expression
  • Methods of DNA analysis I
  • Methods of DNA analysis II
  • Monogenic traits and disorders
  • Gene interactions
  • Multifactorial, polygenic traits and disorders
  • Phenotypes, genotypes, population genetics
  • Human genetics
  • Human epigenetics
  • Cytogenetics I – numerical chromosomal abnormalities
  • Cytogenetics II – structural chromosomal aberrations
  • Differences from mendelian heredity – imprinting, dynamic mutations
  • Methods of chromosomal study, postnatal and prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis
  • Newborn screening
  • Genetics in medicine, genetic counselling, prevention and treatment of genetic disorders
  • Biotechnology, Gene Manipulations and Gene Therapy

Course 5 - Development

  • Basic morphogenetic processes
  • Signaling during development
  • Blastogenesis, implantation, placenta
  • Notogenesis, neurulation
  • Embryonal development
  • Histogenesis
  • Human reproductive genetics, preimplantation diagnosis
  • Developmental toxicology, pharmacotherapy during pregnancy
  • Renewal and Repair
  • Organism ageing
  • Biochemistry of ageing
  • General toxicology
  • Biotransformation of xenobiotics
  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Mutagenes and carcinogenes in environment
  • Structure of viruses
  • Interactions of viruses with cell
  • Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
  • Chromosomes and tumors
  • Cellular transformation and tumor cells
  • Oncogenetics, precancerous conditions and familial tumors
  • Principles of cancer therapy
  • Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution
  • Human evolution

Course 6 - Tissues

  • Connective tissue
  • Metabolism of connective tissue
  • Cartilage, bone and ossification
  • Morphology of blood elements
  • Function of immune system, natural and adaptive immunity
  • Hemopoesis
  • Components of blood plasma and their functions
  • Cells of nonspecific immunity, phagocytosis
  • Leucocytes - surface molecules, cytokines, antibodies
  • Complement system and inflammation
  • Eicosanoids and the pharmacology of inflammation
  • MHC molecules, antigens (MHC and the immune system, antigens and their presentation)
  • Biochemistry of blood elements I - erythrocytes, leukocytes
  • Biochemistry of blood elements II - thrombocytes and coagulation
  • Iron and heme metabolism
  • Tissues and organs of the immune system
  • B and T cells Development
  • Immune reactions based on T cells and NK cells
  • Immune reactions based on B cells and antibodies
  • Methods of protein analysis II
  • Immunogenetics
  • Inherited disorders of immunity
  • Methods for testing immune response
Entry requirements -
Last update: Bc. Kateřina Maternová (22.08.2018)

Biology and chemistry knowledge on the secondary school level.

 
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