Pathobiochemistry 3 - Biochemical Disorders - B82712

• Title: Patobiochemie 3 – biochemické poruchy
• Guaranteed by: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague (11-00410)
• Faculty: First Faculty of Medicine
• Actual: from 2017
• Semester: winter
• Points: 2
• E-Credits: 2
• Examination process: winter s.:
• Hours per week, examination: winter s.:15/0, colloquium [HS]
• Extent per academic year: 15 [hours]
• Capacity: 10
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: not taught
• Language: English
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Explanation: MUDr. Jan Pláteník, Ph.D.
• Additional information: http://ulbld.lf1.cuni.cz/
• Note: course can be enrolled in outside the study plan; enabled for web enrollment
• Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Tomáš Zima, DrSc., MBA
• Attributes: Lékařství; Teoretický předmět
• Pre-requisite : {pro zápis PVP jako prerekvizita pro zápis volitelných Patobiochemií 1-3}
• Incompatibility : B82433

Annotation

Last update: Ing. Hana Mezuliáníková (11.07.2014)

In order to maintain health and physiological function, any living organism is forced to regulate many parameters of its internal environment, such as pH of body fluids, delivery of oxygen to tissues, and redox potential (production of reactive oxygen species). Unwanted spontaneous oxidations and glycations, which can damage biomolecules, must be controlled. The biomolecules are constantly subject of repair or replacement processes. This maintenance of body structural and chemical integrity is costly and has its limits, whose exceeding leads to development of many significant human diseases and pathological states, and also to physiological ageing.

Syllabus

Last update: MUDr. Jan Pláteník, Ph.D. (11.11.2014)

(order of lectures will be specified)

Disorders of acid-base balance.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the body, the antioxidant defence.

Ageing.

Non-enzymatic glycations, insulinoresistance, metabolic syndrome.

Inflammation.

Disorders of protein folding and their clinical consequences. Prions.

Death of heart and neuronal cell: ischemia/reperfusion, excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration.

Requirements to the exam

Last update: MUDr. Jan Pláteník, Ph.D. (11.11.2014)

1.      Metabolic acidosis, its causes and consequences.

2.      Metabolic alkalosis, its causes and consequences.

3.      Combined disorders of acid-base equilibrium.

4.      Relations between acid-base equilibrium and concentration of ions. Changes in ionogram in disorders of acid-base equilibrium. Changes in acid-base equilibrium in disorders of ion metabolism.

5.      Principal reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: properties, reactions, main sources in the body, role in pathogenesis. 

6.      Physiological role of reactive oxygen species in metabolism: tissue hormones, phagocyte weapons, hydroxylases, redox signaling.

7.      Lipid peroxidation as an example of oxidative damage to biomolecules. Significance of transition metals (iron, copper) in pathobiochemistry of reactive oxygen species.

8.      Antioxidant defense of human body.

9.      Biochemical basis of ageing. Radical/mitochondrial theory, ageing as catabolic failure, relationship to chronic inflammation.

10.  Role of mitochondria in cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) and physiological ageing.

11.  What a cell needs to become immortal? Autophagy, Hayflick limit, telomerase.

12.  Difference between average life expectancy and maximum lifespan. Role of genes, disposable soma theory, theory of antagonistic pleiotropy, effect of caloric restriction.

13.  Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: characteristics, causes, consequences, possible therapeutic applications.

14.  Formation of AGEs, interaction AGE-RAGE, potential mechanisms to reduce formation/effect of AGEs.

15.  Mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage. 

16.  Carbonyl stress, its role in pathogenesis of long-term diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and renal failure.

17.  Pathobiochemistry of inflammation - acute phase reactants, immunoglobulins.

18.  Pathobiochemistry of inflammation - mediators of inflammation, alarmins.

19.  Pathobiochemistry of inflammation - significance of complement and its activation.

20.  Pathobiochemistry of inflammation - metabolic changes during inflammation, stress starvation.

21.  Rules of protein folding.

22.  Role of chaperones, proteasomes and lysosomes in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum stress

23.  Mechanism of prion diseases.

24.  Origins of pathological conformation of proteins and examples of clinical consequences.

25.  Metabolic alterations in cell during anoxia and ischemia.

26.  Reoxygenation injury.

27.  Excitotoxicity in pathogenesis of CNS disorders.

28.  General mechanisms of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases.