Environmentalists have identified resource conflict as a causative result of environmental shortage (Bachler 1999; Homer Dixon 1999). The effects of climate change (ecological degradation, migration) lead to environmental resource shrinkage, creating an atmosphere of environmental scarcity that increases environmental resources’ value that leads to violent competition. Hence, making conflict an inevitable means of survival (Al Chukwuma & Atelhe, 2004; Odoh and Chigozie, 2012). The literature by environmentalist security expanded its argument that resource scarcity plays a role in spreading sub-national and global conflicts in Africa. They cited the Horn of Africa example, where drought and resource shortages have caused insecurity (Bennett, 1991).
Předběžná náplň práce
ABSTRACT
The research explores the escalation of the herder-farmer conflict in Nigeria to identify the significant patterns of escalation. Relying on a mixed-method analysis of secondary data and aligning with the analytical anchorage of dynamic systems theory, the research argues that the although Benue and Enugu observe the same herder-farmer the patterns of conflict escalation is neither similar, linear or recurrent. This research submits ethnoreligious antagonism, lawlessness, and exclusionary politics as reasons why the conflict escalated into widespread violence. Adding that each of these elements self-reinforces and influence each other to sustain a coordinated state of violence or maintain peace. It makes a case for pragmatic policies that captures the history and political, economic, and social interaction of states and local government.
Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce
While the herder-farmer conflict is widely written about, many authors do not explain why the conflict escalated; if they do, they identify the significant escalation paths, let alone treat the topic empirically. We also adopt a Markov chains approach to the study for each stage of escalation. Markov chain is a forecasting tool that calculates a particular stage of conflict escalation, transforming to the following stages. The Markov approach to conflict escalation is beneficial for this study as it directly identities the significant patterns of escalation
- zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.