Secessionism, external suport and parent states' reaction: cases in East Africa and former Yugoslavia

• Název práce v češtině: Secesionismus, externí podpora a reakce mateřských států: případy ve východní Africe a bývalé Jugoslávii
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Secessionism, external suport and parent states' reaction: cases in East Africa and former Yugoslavia
• Klíčová slova: secese, externí podpora, vnější bezpečnost, mateřský stát, Jižní Súdán, Ogaden, Kosovo, Republika Srbská Krajina
• Klíčová slova anglicky: secession, external support, external security, parent state, South Sudan, Ogaden, Kosovo, Republic of Serbian Krajina
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2017/2018
• Typ práce: bakalářská práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: Mgr. Bohumil Doboš, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 28.03.2018
• Datum zadání: 28.03.2018
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 10.06.2019 00:00
• Místo konání obhajoby: Jinonice
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 08.05.2019
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 10.06.2019
• Oponenti: Mgr. Vojtěch Bahenský, Ph.D.

Zásady pro vypracování

The 20th century has seen a dramatic increase in the number of sovereign and internationally recognized states, mostly former colonies. Many other groups, apparently inspired, attempted to form a state of their own, seceding from states sometimes only very recently independent. Some states, already part of the exclusive "club", often decide to support some of the new aspirants in their struggle. What is interesting is that in some cases, the central governments claiming sovereignty, or simply the parent states, accommodate the movements, while in other cases violently repress them. In this work, I will try to find out what roles can external powers have in influencing the parent state's reaction and how that might happen. With a knowledge of that, we, as well as the external powers themselves, may acquire a better understanding of how certain geopolitical goals may be achieved or how to inhibit the fragmentation of the international system.

Seznam odborné literatury

BUTT, Ahsan I. Secession and security: explaining state strategy against separatists. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2017. ISBN 9781501713958.
CAPLAN, Richard. Europe and the Recognition of New States in Yugoslavia [online]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 9780511492105.
COGGINS, Bridget. Friends in High Places: International Politics and the Emergence of States from Secessionism. International Organization [online]. 2011, 65(03), 433-467. DOI: 10.1017/S0020818311000105. ISSN 0020-8183.
FABRY, Mikulas. Recognizing States: International Society and the Establishment of New States Since 1776. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 9780199564446.
HERACLIDES, Alexis. Secessionist Minorities and External Involvement. International Organization [online]. 1990, 44(3), 341-378. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706780
IDRIS, Amir. Identity, Citizenship, and Violence in Two Sudans [online]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013, s. 170. ISBN 9781349475797.
PAVKOVIĆ, Aleksandar a Peter RADAN. Creating new states: theory and practice of secession. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2007. ISBN 9780754671633.
PERRITT, Henry H. Jr. The Road to Independence for Kosovo [online]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780511635410.
RIEGL, Martin a Bohumil DOBOŠ. (Super)Power Rule: Comparative Analysis of Parent States. In: Unrecognized States and Secession in the 21st Century. Springer International Publishing, 2017, 2017-05-31. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56913-0_6. ISBN 9783319569130. Also available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-56913-0_6
SALEHYAN, Idean, Kristian Skrede GLEDITSCH, and David E. CUNNINGHAM. Explaining External Support for Insurgent Groups [online]. DOI: 10.1017/S0020818311000233. ISBN 10.1017/S0020818311000233. Available at: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0020818311000233
STERIO, Milena. The Right to Self-determination Under International Law: "selfistans", Secession and the Rule of the Great Powers. New York: Routledge, 2013. ISBN 9780415668187.

Předběžná náplň práce

The goal of this thesis will be to understand how does external support for a secessionist entity influence the parent state's reaction towards the entity. I will be assuming Milena Sterio's theory of great power's rule and limit it to the influence of the United States as the sole superpower after the end of the Cold War. More specifically, I will inquire into how direct US support for the independence of South Sudan and Kosovo, or the lack of it in Darfur and Republic of Serbian Krajina affected the central governments' reaction to the calls for independence.

All the cases of entities that I will be focusing on have at some point claimed statehood, with different results, however. In the area of former Yugoslavia, around the time Crotia's independence was being internationally recognized, the Republic of Serbian Krajina declared its own independence. However, with the international community deciding to recognize the new entities of the dissoluting Yugoslavia based on the former federal divison, it did not succeed and Croatia managed to military defeat the breakaway region. This cannot be said of Kosovo, which also declared independence at the start of 1990s, but in the crucial years of 1999 and 2008, was supported by the United States and its allies, and it now enjoys strong, albeit not universal, international recognition.
Similarly, groups from both South Sudan and Darfur were, or still are, fighting against the central government in Khartoum. In case of South Sudan, the battles started already in the 1950s and finally in 2011, the South Sudanese government, supported by the US, gained independence and is now recognized by a clear majority of the international community. On the other hand, the clashes in Darfur have commenced at the start of this millenium and there is no independence or international recognition in sight.

As the method of this thesis, I will use comparative case studies, specifically comparing the reaction of the government in Khartoum to secessionism in South Sudan and in Darfur, following with an analogical comparative case study of the reaction of the central governments in former Yugoslavia to the attempted secession of Republic of Serbian Krajina and Kosovo. In the analysis, I will be focusing on the effect of great power influence in these cases, specifically the US and its allies.