The impacts of climate change on environmental geopolitics of the Arctic

• Název v anglickém jazyce: The impacts of climate change on environmental geopolitics of the Arctic
• Klíčová slova: Arktida, biodiverzita, změna klimatu, mezinárodní spolupráce, konflikt, životní prostředí, geopolitika, mezinárodní právo, Lomonosovův hřbet, arktické lodní trasy,Severovýchodní cesta, svrchovanost, teritorialita, transhranicni
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Arctic, biodiversity, climate change, cooperation, conflict, environmental geopolitics, international law, Lomonosov Ridge, NSR (Northern Sea Route), NWP (Northwest Passage), sovereignty, transboundary, territoriality.
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2011/2012
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: PhDr. Mgr. et Mgr. Jakub Landovský, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 02.05.2012
• Datum zadání: 02.05.2012
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 28.06.2013 00:00
• Místo konání obhajoby: IPS FSV UK, U kříže 8/661 158 00 Praha 5 – Jinonice
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 17.05.2013
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 28.06.2013
• Oponenti: PhDr. Michael Romancov, Ph.D.
• Konzultanti: PhDr. Mgr. et Mgr. Jakub Landovský, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

Monographs:

Alex Macleod and Dan O’Meara, Théories des Relations Internationales: Contestations et Résistances, (Outremont: Athéna editions in collaboration with CEPES, 2007).

Alexander P. De Seversky, Air Power: Key to Survival (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1950).

Alexander P. De Seversky, Victory Through Air Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1942).

Alun Anderson, After the Ice: Life, Death and Geopolitics in the New Arctic (New York: HaperCollins Publishers, 2009).

Artur Gradziuk and Ernest Wyciszkiewicz ed., Energy Security and Climate Challenges – Double Challenges for Policymakers, (Warsaw: The Polish Institute of International Affairs, 2009).

Barry Scott Zellen, Arctic doom, Arctic Boom: the Geopolitics of Climate Change in the Arctic, (Praeger, 2009).

Bob Carter and al., Global Warming; Reality of Bubble? A Collection of Texts (Prague: Center for Economics and Politics, 88, 2011).

Charles Emmerson, The Future History of the Arctic, (London: The Bodley Head Random House, 2010).

Colin Flint, Introduction to Geopolitics (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2006).

David Archer and Stefan Rahmstorf, The Climate Crisis: An Introductory Guide to Climate Change (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

David J. Neelin, Climate Change and Climate Modeling (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Douglas C. Nord, “Canada as a Northern Nation: Finding a Role for the Arctic Council”, eds. Patrick James, Nelson Michaud and Marc J. O'Reilly, Handbook of Canadian Foreign Policy, (Toronto: Lexington Books, 2006) 289-315.

Douglas Macdonald, Business and Environmental Politics in Canada (Canada: Broadview Press, 2007).

Dmitri Trenin and Pavel K. Baev, The Arctic: a View From Moscow (Washington D.C.: Cargenie Endowment for International Peace, 2010).

Elana Wilson Rowe ed., Russia and the North, (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2009).

Frances Abele and al., Northern exposure: peoples, powers and prospects in Canada’s North, (Montreal: Institute for research on Public Policy, 2009).


Franklyn Griffiths ed., Politics of the Northwest Passage, (Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1987).

Frédéric Lasserre(ed.), Passages et mers arctiques. Géopolitique d’une région en mutation (Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec, 2010).

George W. Wenzel, Animal rights, human rights: ecology, economy and ideology in the Canadian Arctic (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991).

Geraóid Ó Tuathail, Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).

Geraóid Ó Tuathail and Simon Dalby, Rethinking Geopolitics (Routledge, 1998).

John A. Agnew, Geopolitics: Re-Visioning World Politics (Routledge, 2003).

John Turner and Gareth J. Marshall, Climate Change in the Polar Regions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Kari Möttölä ed., The Arctic Challenge: Nordic and Canadian Approaches to Security and Cooperation in an Emerging International Region (Boulder; London: Westview Press, 1988).

Kate O’Neill, The Environment and International Relations (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).

Ken S. Coates, P. Whitney P. Lackenbauer, William R. Morrison and Greg Poelzer, Arctic Front. Defending Canada in the Far North (Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2008).

Kerry Abel and Ken S. Coates, eds., Northern Visions: Perspectives on the North in Canadian History (Peterborough, Broadview Press, 2001). 


Klaus Dodds, Geopolitics: a Very Short Introduction, (Oxford University Press, 2007)

Klaus Dodds, Geopolitics in a Changing World (Prentice Hall, 2000).

Klaus Dodds, Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought (Routledge, 2000).

Klaus Dodds, Global Geopolitics: A Critical Introduction (Pearson Education, 2005).

Lorraine M. Elliott, The Global Politics of the Environment (New York University Press, 2004).

Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).

Mark Nuttall, Pipeline Dreams: People, Environment, and the Arctic Energy Frontier, (Copenhagen: IWGIA, 2010).

Martin Ira Glassner, Political Geography. (Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993).

Max G. Manwaring, Environmental Security and Global Stability: Problems and Responses (Lexington Books, 2002).

Michael Byers, Who Owns the Arctic? Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North (Vancouver, Douglas and McIntyre, 2009).

Nathaniel French Caldwell Jr, Arctic Leverage: Canadian Sovereignty and Security (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1990).

Nico Schrijver, The Evolution of Sustainable Development in International Law: Inception, Meaning and Status (Hague Academy of International Law, 2008).

Nicholas Low. Global Ethics & Environment, ed. Nicholas Low (Routledge, 1999).

Nordic Council of Ministers, Sustainable Development: New Bearings for the Nordic Countries (Copenhagen: TemaNord, 2001).

Oran R. Young, Arctic politics: conflict and cooperation in the circumpolar North (Hanover : University Press of New England [for] Darmouth College, 1992).

Philip Shabecoff, A New Name for Peace: International Environmentalism, Sustainable Development and Democracy (University Press of New England, 1996).

Renée Hulan, Northern Experience and the Myths of Canadian Culture (Montréal: McGill- Queen’s University Press, 2002).

Richard Sale and Eugene Potapov, The Scramble for the Arctic: Ownership, Exploitation and Conflict in the Far North, (London: Francis Lincoln Ltd., 2010).

Rob Huebert, “A Northern Foreign Policy The Politics of Ad Hocery” eds. Nelson Michaud and Kim Richard Nossal, Diplomatic Departures, The Conservative Era in Canadian Foreign policy, 1984-93, (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2001) 84-99.

Robert Owen Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Transnational Relations and World Politics (Harvard University Press, 1973).

Saul Bernard Cohen, Geopolitics: the Geography of International Relations, (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009).

Scott Barrett, Environment & Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-Making, (New York, printed in Great Britain: Oxford University Press, 2003).

Simon Dalby, Paul Routledge, and Geraóid Ó Tuathail, The Geopolitics Reader (Routledge, 1998).

The Worldwatch Institute, 2010 State of the World: Transforming Cultures from Consumerism to Sustainability, (United States: The Worldwatch Institute, 2010)

Thomas R. Berger and al., The Arctic. Choices for Peace and Security, (Vancouver: Gordon Soules, 1989)

Thomas L. Friedman, Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why the World Needs a Green Revolution – and How We Can Renew Our Global Future (Allen Lane an Imprint of Penguin Books, 2008).

Tim Hayward, Ecological Thought – an Introduction, (Oxfordshire: Polity Press in association with Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1995).

Ulrich Beyerlin and Thilo Marauhn, International Environmental Law (Hart, 2011).

Victor G. David, Amy Jaffe and Mark H. Hayes, Natural Gas and Geopolitics: from 1970 to 2040, (Cambridge University Press, 2006).

William Henry Parker, Mackinder – Geography as an aid to Statecraft (Clarendon Press, 1982).


Academic Journal Articles:

Adam Lajeunesse, “The NorthWest Passage in Canadian Policy: An Approach for the 21st Century”, International Journal, vol. 63, no.4, (Fall 2008) 1037-1052.

Adam Lajeunesse, “Lock, Stock, and Iceberg? Defining Canadian Sovereignty from Mackenzie King to Stephen Harper”, Calgary Papers in Military and Strategic Studies, Occasional Paper no.1, 2008, 14p.

Andrea Charron, “Le Passage du Nord-Ouest”, Revue militaire canadienne, vol. 6, no.4, (Winter 2005-2006) 41-48.

Andrea Charron, “The Northwest Passage: Is Canada’s Sovereignty Really Floating Away?” International Journal, vol. LX, no.3, (Summer 2005) 831-848.

Anthony Giddens, “The Politics of Climate Change: National Responses to the Challenge of Global Warming”Policy Network Paper (September 2008) 1-19.

Christopher Kirkey, “Smoothing Troubled Waters: The 1988 Canada-United States Arctic Cooperation Agreement”, International Journal, vol. 50, no.2, (Spring 1995) 401-426.

Dan Danielson and Anthony Anghie, “ Review of Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law ”, American Journal of International Law, vol. 100, no.3 (2006) 757-762.

Douglas C. Nord, “Searching for the North in North American Foreign Policies : Canada and the United States”, The American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 37, no.2, (Summer 2007) 207-217.

Franklyn Griffiths, “Pathetic Fallacy: That Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty Is on Thinning Ice”, La politique étrangère du Canada, vol. 11, no.3, (Spring 2004) 1-15.

Franklyn Griffiths, “Environment and Security in Arctic Waters: A Canadian Perspective” ed. Willy ØSTRENG, National Security and International Environmental Cooperation in the Arctic – the Case of the Northern Sea Route (Trondheim: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001) 103-133.

Franklin Griffiths “The Shipping News. Canada Arctic Sovereignty not on Thinning Ice”, International Journal, vol. LVIII, no.2 (Spring 2003) 257-282.

Franklin Griffiths “The Northwest Passage in Transit”, International Journal, vol. 54, no.2, (Spring 1999) 189-202.

Frédéric Lasserre, “High North Shipping: Myths and Realities?” eds. Sven G. Holtsmark and Brooke A. Smith-Windsor, Security Prospects in the High North: Geostrategic Thaw of Freeze? (Rome: NATO Defence College Research Division May 2009) 179-199.

Frédéric Lasserre “La souveraineté canadienne dans le Passage du Nord-Ouest”, Options Politiques, vol. 28, no.5, (May 2007) 34-41.

Frédéric Lasserre. “Changements climatiques et Passage du Nord-Ouest : une future autoroute maritime dans l’Arctique?”, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Québec, vol. 1, no.3 (2007) 1-5.

Frédéric Lasserre. “Changements climatiques dans le Passage du Nord-ouest. Contestation de la souveraineté canadienne et militarisation de l’Arctique?”, Diplomatie, hors série no.2, Géopolitique et Géostratégie des Mers et Océans (2007) 49-53.

Frédéric Lasserre “Les détroits arctiques canadiens et russes : souveraineté et développement de nouvelles routes maritimes”, Cahiers de géographie du Québec, vol. 48, no.135 (2004) 397-425.

Frédéric Lasserre et Stéphane Roussel, “Souveraineté, sécurité et identité : Le Canada face aux défis causés par le changement climatique dans l’Arctique”, Revue internationales d’études canadiennes, vol. 36, (Fall 2007) 267-286.

Greg Holloway, “ Arctic Sea Ice Remains Constant ”, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.28, no.6, (2001): 1039-1041.

Guy Killaby, “’Le grand jeu dans le Grand Nord’: Remise en question de la souveraineté du Canada dans l’Arctique”, Revue militaire canadienne, vol. 6, no.4, (Winter 2005-2006) 31-40.

Harriet Critchley, “ The Arctic ”, International Journal, vol. 42, no.4, (Fall 1987) 769-788.

James Macintosh, “Canada and a Northern Hemispheric Security Regime”, Revue canadienne de défense, vol. 21, no.2, (Fall 1991) pp. 33-39.

James Macintosh and Michael Slack, “A Circumpolar Confidence Building Regime”, Revue canadienne de défense, vol. 18, no.2, (Fall 1988) 57-66.

Kristian Atland, “Mikhail Gorbatchev, the Murmansk initiative and the Desecuritization of Interstate relations in the Arctic ”, Cooperation and Conflict: journal of Nordic International Studies Association, vol. 43, no.3 (2008) 289-311.

Lawson W. Brigham, “Thinking About the Arctic’s Future: Scenarios for 2040.” World Future Society The Futurist (September-October 2007) 27-34.

Marie-Christine Lalonde-Fiset, “L’Arctique: fin ou moyen ?”, L’action nationale, vol. XCIX, nos.9-10, (November-December 2009) 126-134.

Marie-Noëlle Houssais and Jean-Claude Gascard, “Le recul de la banquise”, Sciences et Avenir, no.129 (2002) 50-55.

Melvin A. Conant, “The Long Polar Watch: An American Perspective on Canada's Defense of Its Arctic”, The American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 18, no.3, (Fall 1988) 369-375.

Michael, Byers “Unfrozen Sea. Sailing the Northwest Passage”, Options Politiques, vol. 28, no.5, (May 2007) 30-33.

Michel Frederick “La politique arctique des États-Unis et le cas de la souveraineté du Canada”, Études internationales, vol. 19, no.4, (December 1988), 673-691.

Nathaniel French Caldwell Jr, “La souveraineté du Canada et le programme de sous- marins nucléaire”, Défense nationale, vol. 47, no.3 (March 1991) 83-91.

Peter T. Haydon, “ The Strategic Importance of the Arctic: Understanding the Military Issues ”, Canadian Defence Quartely, (Spring 1988) 27-34.

René Besnault “Souverainetés et stratégies dans l'Arctique”, Stratégique, vol. 29, no.1 (1986) 35-80.

Rob Huebert, “La sécurité maritime dans l’Arctique canadien : Reprise des activités dans le troisième océan du Canada”, Revue militaire canadienne, vol. 8, no.2, (Summer 2007) 9-16.

Rob Huebert, “Un regain d’intérêt pour la sécurité de l’Arctique canadien?”, Revue militaire canadienne, vol. 6, no.4, (Winter 2005-2006) 17-29.

Rob Huebert, “New Directions in Circumpolar Cooperation: Canada, The Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy, and the Arctic Council ”, La politique étrangère canadienne, vol. 5, no.2, (Winter 1998) 37-57.

Rob Huebert, “Canadian Arctic Security Issues: Transformation in the Post-Cold War Era”, International Journal, vol. 54, no.2, (Spring 1999) 203-229.

Rob Huebert “The Shipping News Part II. How Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty is on Thinning Ice”, International Journal, vol. 58, no.3 (Summer 2003) 295-308.

Samantha Arnold, “ Nelvana of the North, Traditional Knowledge, and the Northern 
Dimension of Canadian Foreign Policy ”, La politique étrangère du Canada, vol. 14, no.2, (2008) 95-105. 


William Krabill and al., “ Greenland Ice Sheet: High-Elevation Balance and Peripheral Thinning ”, Science, vol. 289, no.5478 (2000) 428-430.
Other sources:

VALKO, Irina. Cold Waters, Hot Stakes: Systemic Geostrategic Analysis of International Relations in the Arctic Transborder Region. Prague, 2011. 102 p. Master’s Thesis (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Science. Thesis Supervisor PhDr. Michael Romancov, PhD.

Předběžná náplň práce

Novinka, že životní prostřední se stává hlavním hybatelem geopolitických změn v oblasti
za Polárním kruhem odstartovaly hlavně změny klimatu. Tento nový geopolitický aspekt je
příčinou nejen napětí mezi jednotlivými státy, ale rovněž i hybatelem spolupráce v regionu.
Otázkou je, do jaké míry dokáže změna klimatu prohloubit jak spolupráci tak i nesváry mezi
danými státy. Účelem definování problému je porozumět, jakým výzvám budou čelit
mezinárodní vztahy mezi dotčenými státy a jakou roli v nich hraje ochrana životního prostředí.
Hlavním cílem práce je posoudit důležitost změn klimatu v rámci geopolitiky v oblasti za
Polárním kruhem skrze několika oblastí geopolitiky: ochrana životního prostředí a biodiverzita,
ekonomické činnosti v regionu, a svrchovanost, bezpečnost arktických zemí, a mezinárodní a
diplomatické vztahy. Mezi hraniční a mezinárodní charakter problematiky ochrany životního
prostředí je neméně důležitým faktorem, jelikož příroda nerespektuje lidmi vytvořené hranice
států a otázky životního prostředí, jako ochrana klimatu a jeho dopady nemohou být záležitostí
jednoho státu v pohraniční oblasti.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

The new fact that the environment is becoming the main factor of geopolitical transformations in the Arctic region has been triggered mainly by climate change. In the North, this recent aspect of geopolitics, in correlation with the environment, leads sometimes to tensions between countries, but also to a need for cooperation. The question brought by such conditions is, to which extent will this climate change provoke cooperation or conflicts between the Arctic states. The purpose of addressing the problem is to understand what kind of challenges would be facing the international relations between circumpolar countries and how the environment is playing a geopolitical role in them. The objective of the main research question is to assess the importance of climate change over the geopolitics of the Arctic through several spheres of geopolitics: environment and bio-diversity, economic activity of the region, sovereignty and territoriality, security of the circumpolar states, and international and diplomatic relations. The trans-border and transnational nature of environmental issues is another important factor, since nature does not respect human-made boundaries and an environmental concern, such as climate change and its aftermaths, cannot be exclusive to a state along the lines of its borders.